Unit 7 Ecology and Development : Class 11 English

Notes of English - Ecology and development CLASS 11 ENG . Padandas Notes

Ways with words

A. Match the words with their meanings.

Constituency – electoral district

Pursue – to follow in an effort to overtake or capture

Infiltrate – to enter or gain access to (an organization, place, etc.) secretly and gradually

Nomadic – living the life of roaming

Anatomy – art of studying the different parts of any organized body

Subversive – seeking or intended to overthrow an established system or institution

C. Make two other words by using each prefix given above and use them in sentences.

mal

Malignancy – This should be followed up to exclude a malignancy.
Malware – Malware and viruses could infect their computers.

mis
Misspell – t’s difficult to see misspell in a sentence.
Mismatch – Their marriage was a mismatch they had little in common.

un
Uncover – Erin never does get to uncover his true identity.
Unsafe – If it weren’t so unsafe, he’d take her with him

in
Inedible – The food on the flight was totally inedible.
Incapable – She’d been incapable of empathy or remorse.

pre
Prevent – I’m sorry to prevent you from seeing him.
Preplan – Now, it is time to preplan new trip.

il
Illogical – Not being feminist to me is just totally illogical.
Illusion – These will give the illusion of a cinched waist.

dis
Discomfort – Elisabeth’s discomfort was evident.
Disengage – Overcharge the Plasma Pistol and disengage a vehicle.

im
Immature – Katie had always been immature, maybe even a little lazy.
Immortal – The Dark One was going to turn her Immortal.

Re
Return – I have something to return to you.
Rewrite – We can rewrite history as much as we like.

ir
Irremovable – Nowadays, most of smartphone have irremovable battery.
Irrational – These are isolated cases of irrational numbers.

de
Deactivate – At this point your account will immediately be deactivated.
Defrost – A basic microwave oven should be able to cook, defrost and reheat.

non
Nonstick – You’ll definitely need an nonstick cooking spray.
Nonverbal – Their nonverbal exchange made me smile.

Comprehension

Answer these questions.

a. What did Maathai decide to do for the community?

Maathai decided to create jobs for the community.

b. Mention the problems faced by women in Kenya.

The problems faced by women in Kenya were malnutrition, lack of food and adequate water, uemployment and soil erosion.

c. Why did the speaker go to the women to talk about planting trees?

The speaker went to the women to talk about planting trees because the women in Kneya were most affected by the problems of firewood, malnutrition, lack of food and adequate water, unemployment and soil erosion, and were concerned about children and future.

d. What is the most important achievement of the movement described in the text?

The most important achievement of the movement described in the text is women were independent, had acquired knowledge and techniques, had become empowered. They have been teaching each other.

e. Why were the foresters’ ways not helpful to the women for planting trees?

The foresters’ ways were not helpful to the women for planting trees because they have complicated the ways of dealing with a very simple thing like looking for seeds and planting trees.

f. When and how did she start The Green Belt Movement?

She started The Green Belt Movement on World Environment Day by planting the first seven trees

g. Why do the donors want to provide money to the women?

The donors want to provide money to the women because their efforts were providing satisfactory results.

h. What happened when the speaker criticized the political leadership?

The speaker has been portrayed as subversive when the speaker criticized the political leadership.

i. Mention the agencies that supported her movement.

The agencies that supported her movement are as follows:
– United Nations Development Fund for Women
– Danish Voluntary Fund
– Norwegian Agency for International Development
– African Development Foundation

Critical thinking

a. Do you think that the title “Foresters without Diplomas” is suitable to the essay? How?

b. Can a person make a difference in a society? Discuss with an example from a person who has made a difference in your society.

c. Write an essay on ‘The Community Forest in Nepal’. Describe how these community forests have contributed to maintain ecology in our environment.

Grammar

What is the difference among transitive, intransitive and linking verbs? Give examples of each

In English grammar, verbs can be classified into three categories: transitive, intransitive, and linking verbs.

Transitive verbs are verbs that require an object to complete their meaning. For example:

• The cat chased the mouse. (In this sentence, "chased" is a transitive verb and "mouse" is its object.)
• She baked a cake for the party. (In this sentence, "baked" is a transitive verb and "cake" is its object.)

Intransitive verbs do not require an object to complete their meaning. They can stand alone as the main verb in a sentence. For example:

• The wind blew. (In this sentence, "blew" is an intransitive verb.)
• She laughed. (In this sentence, "laughed" is an intransitive verb.)

Linking verbs are verbs that connect the subject of a sentence to a subject complement. They do not express action, but rather describe the state or condition of the subject. Some common linking verbs include "be," "seem," "become," "appear," and "remain." For example:

• She is happy. (In this sentence, "is" is a linking verb and "happy" is the subject complement.)
• The weather seems nice. (In this sentence, "seems" is a linking verb and "nice" is the subject complement.)

c. Underline the verb in each sentence and write whether it is transitive, intransitive or linking.

a. His father looks handsome.
looks = linking verb

b. Bhawana drinks milk every day.
drinks = transitive verb

c. He became a watchman.
became = linking verb

d. This bread smells good.
smells = linking verb

e. The dog barked loudly.
barked = intransitive verb

f. He chased the dog.
chased = transitive verb

g. My sister swims fast.
intransitive verb

h. He painted a picture.
painted = transitive verb

i. Radhika always asks questions.
asks = transitive verb

j. Anjana has a long hair.
has = linking verb

k. Hungry lion roars.
intransitive verb

l. He tried again and again.
tried = intransitive verb

m. The weather is hot.
is = linking verb

n. Owls hide in the daytime.
hide = intransitive verb

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