Critical thinking

Ways with words

A. The words in the crossword puzzle are from the text. Find them from the text to solve the puzzle based on the meaning clues given below.

1. unquestionable, impossible to doubt

indubitable

2. never done or known before

unprecedented

3. emergence or origination

emanation

4. obviously or clearly

evidently

5. impossible to achieve or overcome

insuperable

6. moved with a violent, irregular action

agitated

7. appropriate or suitable

apt

8. force back

repel

9. conservative

orthodox

10. up to now

hitherto

B. Find the words from the text that mean the following.

a. misleading or illusionary (deceptive)

b. in a natural state; not yet processed or refined (crude)

c. a mystical horse like animal with a single straight horn projecting from its forehead (unicorn)

d. never dying or decaying (immortal)

e. come to an end; stop (cease)

f. to activate or put into motion (actuate)

Comprehension

Answer these questions.

a. What’s the difference between the body and the soul?

The body exists in time and space whereas the soul exists in time only. In simple words, body is visible entity where as soul is not visible.

b. What do you understand by the psychologists’ saying that there is no such thing as mind?

Psychologists believe that there is no existence of mind as they study mental processes and human behaviors by observing, interpreting, and recording how people relate to one another and the environment.

c. How can a mental activity be reduced to a physical activity?

Mental activity can be reduced to a physical activity by saying mind is just an emation of body which is really an elaborate scientific construction.

d. How are mind and body related?

Mind and body are related as they are merely convenient ways of collecting and organizing events inside a man’s head into two groups according to causal relations.

e. What is the relation between mind and memory? Does memory survive a person’s death?

Memory is the most essential characteristic of mind. No, memory doesn’t survive a person’s death because it is connected with certain kind of brain structure which decays at death. Thus, memory also dies.

f. How is our power on the earth’s surface entirely dependent upon the sun?

Our power on the earth’s surface is entirely dependent upon the sun as it warms our seas, regulates our weather patterns, and gives energy to the growing green plants that provide the food and oxygen for life on Earth.

Critical Thinking

a. Do you believe that soul really exists? Write your arguments in support of your answer.

b. If you want to change your body, you first have to change your mind. Discuss.

Writing

Write critically on the given topics.

a. The existence of God

Grammar

A. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘used to’. You can make an affirmative/ negative statement or a question.

a. I/live in a flat when I was a child.

I used to live in a flat when I was a child.

b. She/love eating chocolate but now she hates it.

She used to love eating chocolate but now she hates it.

c. He/go to fishing in the summer?

Did he use to go fishing in the summer?

d. My sister/play tennis when she was at school.

My sister used to play tennis when she was at school.

e. He/play football every weekend?

Did he use to play football every weekend?

f. My grandfather/speak five languages.

My grandfather used to speak five languages.

g. I/not hate school from the beginning.

I did not use to hate school from the beginning.

h. You/live in Kathmandu?

Did you use to live in Kathmandu?

i. He/play Dandibiyo when he was a small child.

He used to play Dandibiyo when he was a small child.

j. She/wear a frock when she was small but nowadays she wears jeans.

She used to wear a frock when she was small but nowadays she wears jeans.

B. Write a short paragraph describing your past habits.

For five years, I lived with my uncle. I used to begin my regular tasks in the mornings at my uncle’s home. Despite having a full-time job at home, I used to strive for first place in my class. My instructors utilised locally accessible materials to make their lessons successful, despite the fact that my school lacked enough resources. They’d cheer us up in class by being nice. Project work was assigned by our English instructor. It proved to be very beneficial to our academic endeavours.