Application package : Class 11 Computer Science NEB Notes

<h1>Chapter: 4 Application Package</h1>

<h2># Office package:</h2>
<p>It is an application suite that includes different application software used for the day-to-day operations of an organization. Some common applications included in the office package are:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>a) Word Processor</strong></li>
<li><strong>b) Spread Sheet</strong></li>
<li><strong>c) Presentation tool</strong></li>
<li><strong>d) Database Management System</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>Eg: Ms office package includes Ms-word, Ms-Excel, Ms-PowerPoint, Ms-Access, Outlook and others. It is the product of Microsoft Inc.</p>

<h3>a) Word Processor:</h3>
<p>It is application software that helps in the creation of a document. It guides the user to type text, make corrections without re-typing the entire matter and has the feature to make the text look attractive.</p>

<h4>Features</h4>
<ol>
<li>Fast operation</li>
<li>Editing text features</li>
<li>Formatting features</li>
<li>Graphics</li>
<li>OLE (Object linking and embedding)</li>
<li>Review the document</li>
<li>Mail merge</li>
<li>Searching</li>
<li>Print design</li>
<li>Permanent storage</li>
</ol>

<h4>Some popular word processing packages</h4>
<ol>
<li>MS word</li>
<li>MS write</li>
<li>AmiPro</li>
<li>Word Star</li>
<li>Kingsoft writer</li>
<li>Lotus Notes</li>
<li>Word perfect</li>
<li>Lotus Word Pro</li>
<li>Professional Write</li>
<li>MultiMate</li>
</ol>

<h4>Uses of word processor</h4>
<ol>
<li>To create resume</li>
<li>Update a blog</li>
<li>Cover letters</li>
<li>WWW pages</li>
<li>Advertisements</li>
<li>Newsletters</li>
<li>Reports writing</li>
<li>Annual Report</li>
</ol>

<h3>b) Spreadsheet Package:</h3>
<p>Microsoft Excel is a commercial spreadsheet application program written and distributed by Microsoft Company for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It is used to input and calculate the data according to the need of users.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<ol>
<li>Billing of sales procedure</li>
<li>Voucher and expenses statements</li>
<li>Mathematical Calculation</li>
<li>Financial modeling and analysis</li>
<li>Graphic presentation etc.</li>
</ol>
<p>All these are performed using a mathematical relationship between rows and column or the relationship between sheets. The file of MS-Excel is called workbook.</p>

<h4>Spreadsheet Software</h4>
<ol>
<li>Ms Excel</li>
<li>Gnumeric</li>
<li>Lotus 1-2-3</li>
<li>Simple Spreadsheet</li>
<li>Google</li>
<li>Ability office</li>
<li>Mikidulc</li>
</ol>

<h4>Uses of a Spreadsheet</h4>
<ol>
<li>Arithmetic and statistical calculations</li>
<li>Reports and balance sheet</li>
<li>Preparation of Tax statements</li>
<li>Financial &amp; Forecasting</li>
<li>Regression Analysis</li>
<li>Preparation of Profit and loss account.</li>
</ol>

<h4>Feature of Spreadsheet</h4>
<ol>
<li>Allows data entry, storage, calculations and presentation.</li>
<li>Formatting of data for making it attractive by using tools like font, font colour, font size.</li>
<li>Simple computing operations like copy, cut, paste, find, replace.</li>
<li>Sorting data either ascending or descending order on the basis of different fields.</li>
<li>Allow sharing workbooks, allowing multiple users to edit the same workbook at the same time.</li>
<li>Data validation for setting data entry values.</li>
<li>Internet features including a web toolbox and the ability to create hyperlinks and to save file using save as HTML option.</li>
<li>Support natural language formulas.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Basic fundamental of Spreadsheet</h3>

<h4>Workbook:</h4>
<p>A workbook is file in which user works and stores data. A workbook contains many worksheets. By default, there are 3 worksheets in a workbook.</p>

<h4>Worksheet:</h4>
<p>A worksheet is an electronic sheet which is a grid of cells made up of vertical columns and horizontal rows that are combined to make a flat sheet like Account Sheet, Mark Sheet. The spreadsheet is also the accounting program.</p>
<p>The worksheet can contain text, numbers, data, formula, chart. The number of rows and column differ from package to package.</p>

<h4>In MS Excel 2003</h4>
<ul>
<li>Rows → 65,536</li>
<li>Columns → 256 in a worksheet</li>
</ul>

<h4>In MS-Excel 2007</h4>
<ul>
<li>Rows → 1,048,576</li>
<li>Columns → 16,384 in a worksheet</li>
</ul>

<h4>Cell:</h4>
<p>The intersection between row and column is called cell in which data can be stored. Cells are surrounded by gridlines. A cell can be identified as its cell address, which is made up of a column heading and row number. The cell can contain 32000 characters.</p>

<h4>Cell Reference:</h4>
<p>A cell's location in the spreadsheet is referred to as its cell reference. To find a cell reference, simply look at the column heading to find which column the cell is in and across to find which row it is in.</p>
<p>The cell reference is a combination of the column letter and row number. Such as A1, B2 or Z345. When writing cell references the column letter always comes first.</p>

<h4>3 types of cell reference</h4>
<ol>
<li>Relative cell reference</li>
<li>Absolute cell reference</li>
<li>Mixed cell reference</li>
</ol>

<h4>Cell Range:</h4>
<p>It is an area of collection of the number of defined cells into a worksheet. eg: A1:E15.</p>

<h4>Active Cell:</h4>
<p>When you select a cell by clicking it with the mouse or moving to it with the keyboard, it becomes the active cell. The name Box, on the left of the formula box displays the reference of the active cell.</p>

<h4>Types of data</h4>
<ol>
<li><strong>Text:</strong> It can include any combination of letters, numbers and special characters. A cell can contain up to 32000 characters.</li>
<li><strong>Numbers:</strong> While entering number, we can enter numbers from 0-9 and any of the following special characters +, -, #, $, %, ^, &amp;, *, (, ), etc.</li>
<li><strong>Logical:</strong> Logical values TRUE and FALSE can be entered into cells.</li>
<li><strong>Error:</strong> Using formulas and functions can result in errors. An error value is a distinct type of data.</li>
</ol>

<h3>c) Presentation tool:</h3>
<p>Presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of a topic to an audience or learner. There are many different types of presentations including professional, education, entertainment and general communication, text, graphics, movies and other objects are positioned on individual pages or slides.</p>
<p>It has many constraints and the most important being the limited time to present consistent information.</p>

<h4>Uses of presentation program</h4>
<p>It is computer software used to display information normally in the form of a slide show. It typically includes three major functions.</p>
<ol>
<li>An editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted.</li>
<li>A method for inserting and manipulating graphic text and images.</li>
<li>A slide show system to display the content.</li>
</ol>
<p>It also used for creating a slide, designing it, formatting it, setting animation and sound, setting effects and displaying the slides.</p>

<h4>Examples of presentation program</h4>
<ol>
<li>Microsoft PowerPoint</li>
<li>Simple slides</li>
<li>IBM Lotus</li>
<li>KPresenter</li>
<li>Open Show format</li>
<li>MagicPoint</li>
<li>Apple Keynote</li>
<li>Powerdot</li>
<li>Harvard Graphics</li>
<li>Freelance Graphics</li>
</ol>

<h4>Features of presentation package</h4>
<ol>
<li>Allows data entry, storage, calculations and presentation.</li>
<li>Formatting of data for making it attractive by using tools like font, font colour, font size, etc.</li>
<li>Simple computing operations like copy, cut, paste, find, replace.</li>
<li>Slide transition, to define how a slide is displayed from the previous one.</li>
<li>Predefined slide animation for making the slide look attractive.</li>
<li>Custom animation to develop our own animation.</li>
<li>Buttons for the easier navigation from one slide to another.</li>
<li>Bookmark and hyperlink to link different components of a presentation.</li>
<li>Provide various chart types and shapes like Pie, Bar, XY, Stack, Box, Area, 3D-Pie.</li>
<li>Internet features including a web toolbar and the ability to create hyperlink and to save files using save as (Save As HTML option).</li>
</ol>

<h4>Basic fundamental of presentation</h4>

<h5>Slide:</h5>
<p>A slide is a single page of a presentation created with software such as PowerPoint or openoffice impress. A presentation is composed of several slides.</p>

<h5>Animation:</h5>
<p>It is a visual effect applied to individual items on the slide such as graphics, titles or bullet points. It is one of the chief components of multimedia presentation.</p>

<h5>Slide Transition:</h5>
<p>It is the visual movement as one slide changes to another. Transition differs from animation, in that animation is the movements of the objects on the slide whereas transition is the movement of whole slide.</p>

<ol>
<li>Normal View</li>
<li>Slide Sorter View</li>
<li>Slide Show View</li>
</ol>

<h3>d) Database Management System</h3>
<p>A database is a collection of related information about a subject organized in a useful manner that provides a base or foundation for the procedure. Such as retrieving information, drawing a conclusion and make a decision.</p>
<p>A DBMS is a set of program that manages the database files. It allows accessing the files, updating the record, and retrieving data as requested.</p>
<p>Eg: Microsoft Access, Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server, dBase, FoxPro etc.</p>

<h4>Uses of DBMS</h4>
<ol>
<li>Storing data.</li>
<li>Accessing data, when it is required</li>
<li>Updating/Modifying data.</li>
<li>Deleting or removing data</li>
<li>Providing securing of the data</li>
<li>Sharing of data for concurrent access</li>
<li>Maintaining the accuracy of the data</li>
<li>Enforcing standards or rules to access the data.</li>
<li>Reducing data redundancy.</li>
<li>Providing timely and accurate information.</li>
</ol>

<h4>MS-Access:</h4>
<p>It is a powerful multi-user RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) developed by Microsoft Corporation and can be used to store and manipulate large amounts of information and perform repetitive tasks. In addition of tables, an access database file contains several different types of database objects:</p>
<ol>
<li>Saved queries for organizing data.</li>
<li>Forms for interacting with the data on the screen.</li>
<li>Reports for printing results.</li>
</ol>
<p>Microsoft Office Access contains 4 major areas:</p>
<ol>
<li>Table</li>
<li>Queries</li>
<li>Forms</li>
<li>Reports</li>
</ol>

<h2>## Introduction to Domain-Specific Tools</h2>
<p>Domain-specific tools refer to the application software developed and used for some specific domain (area). It is developed to fulfill the requirement of a specific domain.</p>

<p>Some of the common domain specific tools are:</p>

<h3>1. School Management System:</h3>
<p>It is an information system that records data, manage the transaction and generate report regarding the school. It is an application useful for automating the operations of a school.</p>

<h4>Features</h4>
<ol>
<li>Student Information</li>
<li>Parent Access</li>
<li>Teacher Information</li>
<li>Communication facilities</li>
<li>Attendance and timetable management</li>
<li>Online classes, assessments &amp; assignments</li>
<li>Report card generation</li>
</ol>

<h3>2. Inventory Management System:</h3>
<p>It stands for a list of stock items intended for trading or consumption. It includes raw material, work in process, finished goods and consumables. It is a software used for tracking inventory levels, orders, sales &amp; deliveries.</p>

<h4>Features</h4>
<ol>
<li>Inventory management</li>
<li>Inventory tracking and barcoding</li>
<li>Reporting tools</li>
<li>Inventory forecasting</li>
<li>Inventory alerts</li>
</ol>

<h3>3. Payroll software/system:</h3>
<p>It is the process by which employers pay an employee for the work they have completed, such as the salary, wages etc. A payroll management system is a software designed to organize all tasks related to employee payment and tax filing.</p>

<h4>Features</h4>
<ol>
<li>Keeping track of job done</li>
<li>Calculating wages/salary</li>
<li>Tracking attendance</li>
<li>Recording and managing leaves</li>
<li>Withholding taxes and deductions</li>
<li>Printing and delivering checks</li>
<li>Completing direct deposit</li>
<li>Paying employment taxes to the government.</li>
</ol>

<h3>4. Financial Accounting System:</h3>
<p>It is used to records and process accounting transactions. It normally contains modules like accounts payable, account receivable, journal, general ledger, payroll, and trial balance.</p>

<h4>Features</h4>
<ol>
<li>Tracking of the flow of financial data across the organization in a controlled manner and integrating all the information for effective strategic decision making.</li>
<li>Creation of organizational structure.</li>
<li>General ledger Accounting</li>
<li>Tax and, configuration</li>
<li>Account payables</li>
<li>Accounting Receivables</li>
<li>Asset accounting</li>
<li>Integration with sales and distribution and materials management.</li>
</ol>

<h3>5. Hotel Management System:</h3>
<p>It is a system used for managing hotels, lodges, suites, resorts and other rental properties efficiently.</p>

<h4>Features</h4>
<ol>
<li>Billing operations</li>
<li>Booking and reservations</li>
<li>Detailed reporting</li>
<li>House-keeping management</li>
<li>Detailed guest history</li>
<li>Banquet Management</li>
<li>Human resource management</li>
<li>Inventory management</li>
<li>Customer relationship management</li>
</ol>

<h3>6. Weather forecasting system:</h3>
<p>A weather forecasting system is a tool used for predicting the weather or climate condition for a future time. It is the application of current technology and science to predict the state of atmosphere for a future time and at a given location. In other words, it's a way of predicting things like cloud cover, rain, snow, wind speed, and temp before they happen.</p>

<h4>The main used to forecast the weather include:</h4>
<ol>
<li>Looking the current weather conditions.</li>
<li>Tracking the emotion of air and clouds in the sky.</li>
<li>Finding previous weather patterns that resemble current ones.</li>
<li>Examining changes in air pressure.</li>
<li>Running computer models.</li>
</ol>