Genetics

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Unit 3 – Genetics Class 12 Biology Notes

This chapter covers genetic materials ,mendelian genetics , linkage crossing over mutationa d poluploidy in depth

Genetic Materials

Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. This section covers the structure, composition, and function of DNA and RNA, as well as the process of DNA replication. The concept of the genetic code is introduced as the key to understanding how traits are passed from one generation to the next.

Mendelian Genetics

Mendel's experiments laid the foundation for modern genetics. This section explores Mendel’s laws of inheritance and gene interactions, such as incomplete dominance and codominance.

Linkage and Crossing Over

Linkage refers to genes being inherited together due to their location on the same chromosome, while crossing over plays a critical role in genetic variation. The significance of sex-linked inheritance (e.g., color blindness in humans) is also discussed.

Mutation and Polyploidy

Mutations lead to genetic diversity, but they can also result in harmful effects. The section explains the different types of mutations and their positive or negative significance. Polyploidy refers to an organism with more than two sets of chromosomes, a phenomenon with significant evolutionary importance.