Microeconomics for Business Questions by Chapter
Microeconomics for Business Questions by Chapter
Learn Microeconomics for Business with comprehensive educational resources, notes, and materials from Padandas.
Introduction to Microeconomics
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
Write any four scopes business economics.
(рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕рд╛рдпрд┐рдХ рдЕрд░реНрдерд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдХрд╛ рдХреБрдиреИ рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдЯрд╛ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╣рд░реБ рд▓реЗрдЦреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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2.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
Draw the production possibility curve.
(рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рд╕рдореНрднрд╛рд╡реНрдпрддрд╛ рд╡рдХреНрд░ рдЦрд┐рдЪреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Asked in 2083 (10 marks)
Differentiate between micro static and comparative micro static analysis.
(рд╕реВрдХреНрд╖реНрдо рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░ рд░ рддреБрд▓рдирд╛рддреНрдордХ рд╕реВрдХреНрд╖реНрдо рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдмрд┐рдЪ рднрд┐рдиреНрдирддрд╛ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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4.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Draw a production possibility curve and show the efficient and inefficient combinations of production of an economy on the curve?
(рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рд╕рдореНрднрд╛рд╡реНрдпрддрд╛ рд╡рдХреНрд░рдХреЛ рд░реЗрдЦрд╛рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░ рдмрдирд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН рд░ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрдерддрдиреНрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рдХреБрд╢рд▓ рд░ рдЕрдХреБрд╢рд▓ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рд╕рдВрдпреЛрдЧрд╣рд░реВрд▓рд╛рдИ рд░реЗрдЦрд╛рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рдорд╛ рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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5.
Asked in 2082 (10 marks)
Differentiate between static and dynamic analysis in microeconomics.
(рд╕реВрдХреНрд╖реНрдо рдЕрд░реНрдерд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░рдорд╛ рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░ рд░ рдЧрддрд┐рд╢реАрд▓ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдмрд┐рдЪ рднрд┐рдиреНрдирддрд╛ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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6.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Business economics normative in character. Why?
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7.
Asked in 2081 (10 marks)
What is microeconomics? Explain its uses in solving operational problems faced by business firms.
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8.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
Write any four uses of microeconomics.
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9.
Asked in 2080 (10 marks)
Describe the nature of business economics.
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10.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
What are the characteristics of business economics?
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11.
Asked in 2079 (10 marks)
Describe the nature of microeconomics.
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12.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Why does production possibility curve slope concave downwards?
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13.
Asked in 2078 (10 marks)
Describe the nature and scope of business economics.
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14.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
What are the uses of microeconomics?
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15.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
Write any four principles of economics.
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16.
Asked in 2077 (10 marks)
Explain the scope of business economics.
Market Equilibrium and Efficiency
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
What is consumer surplus?
(рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛ рдмрдЪрдд рднрдиреЗрдХреЛ рдХреЗ рд╣реЛ ?)
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2.
Long question Asked in 2083 (15 marks)
Complete the following schedule if the market demand function is D = 1000 - 10P and the market supply function is S = 100 + 20P. (4+3+4+4).
(рдпрджрд┐ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдорд╛рдЧрдлрд▓рди D = 1000 - 10P рдЫ рд░ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдкреВрд░реНрддрд┐ рдлрд▓рди S = 100 + 20P рдЫ рднрдиреЗ, рджрд┐рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рд╕реВрдЪреА рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реНред)
Price Market demand Market supply Shortage/ Surplus Pressure in price 10 20 30 40 50 a) Plot the market demand curve and the market supply curve in a figure. Show the equilibrium price and quantity both in schedule and figure.
(рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рдорд╛ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдорд╛рдЧрд╡рдХреНрд░ рд░ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдкреВрд░реНрддрд┐рд╡рдХреНрд░ рдЦрд┐рдЪреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред рд╕реВрдЪреА рд░ рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░ рджреБрд╡реИрдорд╛ рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рди рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░ рдкрд░рд┐рдорд╛рдг рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
b) Calculate price elasticity of demand
(i) when price increases from 10 to 20 and,
(ii) when price decreases from 20 to 10.
(рдорд╛рдЧрдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд▓реЛрдЪ рдЧрдгрдирд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН (рдЕ) рдЬрдм рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. резреж рдмрд╛рдЯ рдмрдвреЗрд░ рд░реБ. реиреж рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ рд░ (рдЖ) рдЬрдм рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. реиреж рдмрд╛рдЯ рдШрдЯреЗрд░ рд░реБ. резреж рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ред)
c) Calculate price elasticity of supply
(i) when price increases from 10 to 20 and,
(ii) when price decreases from 20 to 10.
(рдкреВрд░реНрддрд┐ рд▓реЛрдЪ рдЧрдгрдирд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН
(рдЕ) рдЬрдм рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. резреж рдмрд╛рдЯ рдмрдвреЗрд░ рд░реБ. реиреж рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ рд░,
(рдЖ) рдЬрдм рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. реиреж рдмрд╛рдЯ рдШрдЯреЗрд░ рд░реБ. резреж рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ред)
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3.
Asked in 2083 (15 marks)
How do the tax policy, subsidy policy and price control policy of the government affect the market equilibrium?
(рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рдХреЛ рдХрд░ рдиреАрддрд┐, рдЕрдиреБрджрд╛рди рдиреАрддрд┐ рд░ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рдирд┐рдпрдиреНрддреНрд░рдг рдиреАрддрд┐рд▓реЗ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рдирд▓рд╛рдИ рдХрд╕рд░реА рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡ рдкрд╛рд░реНрджрдЫрдиреН ред)
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4.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
State the factors causing leftward shift of supply curve of an apple farm.
(рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рд╕реНрдпрд╛рдЙрдлрд╛рд░реНрдордХреЛ рдкреВрд░реНрддрд┐рд╡рдХреНрд░ рдмрд╛рдпрд╛рдБрддрд┐рд░ рд╕рд░реНрдиреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдгрд╣рд░реВ рдЙрд▓реНрд▓реЗрдЦ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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5.
Asked in 2082 (10 marks)
Describe the market efficiency? How is market efficiency measured by consumer surplus and producer surplus?
(рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдХреБрд╢рд▓рддрд╛рдХреЛ рд╡рд░реНрдгрди рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реНред рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛ рдмрдЪрдд рд░ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдХ рдмрдЪрддрдмрд╛рдЯ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдХреБрд╢рд▓рддрд╛рдХреЛ рдорд╛рдкрди рдХрд╕рд░реА рдЧрд░рд┐рдиреНрдЫ ?)
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6.
Asked in 2081 (10 marks)
Explain the economics tools that help to measure economic efficiency.
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7.
Long question Asked in 2081 (10 marks)
PRICE (RS) QDX = 100-5PX QSX = 30+5PX 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - a. Complete the table and determine equilibrium price and quantity. [3.5]
b. What Will be effect on equilibrium price and quantity when demand and supply function increase to Qd'x=120-5Px and Q'sx = 40+5Px, respectively ? [3.5]
c. Compute price elasticity of demand at both equlibrium price and compare the results. [3]
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8.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
Consider the demand function, \( Qd = a - bP \) and interpret the components.
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9.
Asked in 2080 (10 marks)
Explain the factors that cause shift in supply curve.
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10.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
Consider the supply function \( Qs = a + bP \) and interpret the components.
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11.
Asked in 2079 (10 marks)
Explain the factors that cause shift in demand curve.
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12.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Write any four factors that cause rightward shifts in demand curve.
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13.
Asked in 2078 (10 marks)
What is an economic efficiency? How can it be measured?
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14.
Long question Asked in 2078 (15 marks)
Consider the following table:
Points: A B C D E Px: 8 6 4 2 0 Qsx: 50 40 30 20 10 Qdx: 0 15 30 45 60 a. Derive linear demand and supply functions.
b. Graph Qsx and Qdx and determine equilibrium price and quantity.
c. Compute price elasticity of supply at movement from B to D and D to B by (i) percentage method and (ii) arc method. Which method is more appropriate and why?
d. How do business firms use the concept of price elasticity of demand in business decision making? Explain. -
15.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
Define consumer's surplus?
Elasticity of Demand and Supply
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
State the areas of uses of the price elasticity of demand.
(рдорд╛рдЧрдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд▓реЛрдЪ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рд╣рд░реБ рдЙрд▓реНрд▓реЗрдЦ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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2.
Asked in 2083 (10 marks)
Explain the types of price elasticity of supply.
(рдкреВрд░реНрддрд┐рд▓реЛрдЪрдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░рд╣рд░реБ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Define advertisement elasticity of demand.
(рдорд╛рдЧрдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдкрди рд▓реЛрдЪ рдкрд░рд┐рднрд╛рд╖рд┐рдд рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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4.
Asked in 2082 (10 marks)
Explain the degrees of elasticity of supply.
(рдкреВрд░реНрддрд┐рд▓реЛрдЪрдХрд╛ рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреАрд╣рд░реБрдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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5.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
How is price elasticity of supply computed by arc method?
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6.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Prepare a list of uses of price elasticity of demand in taking business decisions.
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7.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Let, eXY = 4 and eAB = -0.8. Describe the nature of goods X and Y and goods A and B.
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8.
Long question Asked in 2080 (15 marks)
Consider the following demand schedule:
Points: A B C D E Income (RS): 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Demand (Units): 200 400 600 800 1000 a) Compute the income elasticity of demand at movement from B to D and D to B by proportion method
b) Compute the income elasticity of demand at midway between B and D and D and B by arc method. Why is arc method considered as more appropriate method than proportion method?
c) How do firm use price elasticity of demand in business decision making? Explain with suitable examples.
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9.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
State the relationship between TR and price elasticity of demand.
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10.
Long question Asked in 2079 (15 marks)
Consider the following supply schedule:
Points: A B C D E Price (Rs): 0 10 20 30 40 Supply (Units): 100 200 300 400 500 a. Compute the price elasticity of supply at movement from B to D and D to B by proportion method.
b. Compute the price elasticity of supply at midway between B and D and D and B by arc method. Why is arc method considered as more appropriate method than proportion method?
c. How do firms use price elasticity of demand in business decision making? Explain with suitable examples. -
11.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Let, \( ey(\text{mobile set}) = 2.3, ey(\text{potato}) = -0.8 \). Describe the nature of these two goods.
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12.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
Write formula for calculation of elasticity of supply by using average method.
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13.
Long question Asked in 2077 (10 marks)
a) Demand function of Chokobite Chocolate is \( Q_d \) = 1000 - 20P and supply function of Chokobite chocolate \( Q_s \) = 100 + 40P, find equilibrium price and quantity of Chokobite chocolate. Also compute price elasticity of demand at equilibrium price.
b) Fill the following table by using the demand and supply function of Chokobite chocolate and find equilibrium price and quantity of Chokobite chocolate in table.
Price Quantity Demanded (Qd) Quantity Supplied (Qs) Surplus/shortage 5 10 15 20 25 -
14.
Long question Asked in 2077 (15 marks)
Aradhya's demand schedule of ice-cream is given as:
Price (RS) Quantity Demanded (Income = Rs. 20000) Quantity Demanded (Income = Rs. 25000) 180 80 100 220 60 80 a. Calculate price elasticity of demand of ice-cream for Aaradhya when the price of ice-cream increases from Rs. 180 to Rs. 220 at both income levels Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 25,000.
b. Calculate income elasticity of demand of ice-cream for Aaradhyas income increases from Rs. 20000 to Rs. 25,000 at prices Rs. 180 and Rs. 220.
c. Compare and interpret the above results.
Analysis of Consumer's Behavior
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
Define the marginal rate of substitution.
(рд╕рд┐рдорд╛рдиреНрдд рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрди рджрд░рд▓рд╛рдИ рдкрд░рд┐рднрд╛рд╖рд┐рдд рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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2.
Asked in 2083 (10 marks)
Explain the consumer's equilibrium in indifference curve analysis approach.
(рддрдЯрд╕реНрде рд╡рдХреНрд░рд░реЗрдЦрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐рдорд╛ рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рди рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Why do indifference curves not intersect each other?
(рддрдЯрд╕реНрде рд╡рдХреНрд░рд░реЗрдЦрд╛рд╣рд░реВ рдПрдХрдЖрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдХрд┐рди рдХрд╛рдЯрд┐рджреИрдирдиреН ?)
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4.
Long question Asked in 2082 (10 marks)
Explain the consumer's equilibrium in cardinal approach. Price apple is Rs.20, price of banana is Rs. 10 and the consumer spends whole income Rs.110 on apple and banana. Find the consumer's equilibrium when the marginal utilities (MU) of apple and banana are as follows:
(рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛рддреНрдордХ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧрд┐рддрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐рдорд╛ рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛ рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рдирдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред рд╕реНрдпрд╛рдЙрдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ.реиреж рдЫ, рдХреЗрд░рд╛рдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. резреж рдЫ рд░ рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛рд▓реЗ рдЖрдлреНрдиреЛ рд╕рдмреИ рдЖрдореНрджрд╛рдиреА рд░реБ.резрезреж рд╕реНрдпрд╛рдЙ рд░ рдХреЗрд░рд╛рдорд╛ рдЦрд░реНрдЪ рдЧрд░реНрджрдЫ ред рд╕реНрдпрд╛рдЙ рд░ рдХреЗрд░рд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рдорд╛рдиреНрдд рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧрд┐рддрд╛рд╣рд░реБ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд╛рдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЕрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдорд╛ рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛рдХреЛ рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рди рдкрддреНрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
Units of consumption 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MU of apple 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 MU of banana 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 -
5.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Write any four assumptions of indifference curve.
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6.
Long question Asked in 2081 (10 marks)
Let a consumer selects two goods, i.e. x and y for consumption having prices of Rs. 1600 and Rs. 800 respectively and fixed income with Rs. 16,000.
a. Derive budget line and determine equilibrium point when he allocates entire budget equally on two goods.
b. Let, price of x good falls to Rs, 800. Derive the two budget line and determine new equilibrium point when he spends Rs. 6,400 on x good and Rs. 9,600 on y good.
c. Derive price demand curve for x good.
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7.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
State the condition for equilibrium under cardinal approach.
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8.
Asked in 2080 (15 marks)
Explain the income effect for inferior and normal goods.
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9.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
Write any four assumptions of cardinal approach.
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10.
Asked in 2079 (15 marks)
Explain the price effect for normal substitutes. How can it be decomposed into income and substitution effects? Explain.
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11.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
List out any four assumptions of indifference curve analysis.
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12.
Asked in 2078 (15 marks)
What is price effect? How can it be decomposed into income effect and substitution effect?
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13.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
Derive budget line if budget of consumer is Rs. 10000, Price of good X is Rs. 100 and price of good Y is Rs. 200.
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14.
Asked in 2077 (10 marks)
Explain the consumer's equilibrium by using indifference curve approach.
Theory of Production
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
State the Cobb-Douglas production.
(рдХрдм-рдбрдЧреНрд▓рд╕ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдлрд▓рди рдЙрд▓реНрд▓реЗрдЦ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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2.
Long question Asked in 2083 (10 marks)
Consider the following two production preference schedules of a producer:
(рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдХрдХрд╛ рдирд┐рдореНрди рджреВрдИрд╡рдЯрд╛ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдкреНрд░рд╛рдердорд┐рдХрддрд╛ рд╕реВрдЪреАрд╣рд░реБрдорд╛ рдзреНрдпрд╛рди рджрд┐рдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН :)
Schedule 1 Schedule 2 Combination K L Output Combinations K L Output A1 10 60 1000 A2 10 75 1500 B1 20 25 1000 B2 20 40 1500 C1 30 10 1000 C2 30 25 1500 D1 40 5 1000 D2 40 15 1500 a. Compute total cost for each combination of capital and labor if price of use of capital is Rs.10, price of labor is Rs.5 and the producer has total cost outlay Rs.400 and identify the least cost combination.
(рдпрджрд┐ рдкреВрдБрдЬреАрдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧрдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. резреж рд╢реНрд░рдордХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рд░реБ. рел рдЫ рд░ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдХрд╕рдБрдЧ рдХреВрд▓ рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рдЦрд░реНрдЪ рд░реБ. рекрежреж рдЫ рднрдиреЗ рдкреВрдБрдЬреА рд░ рд╢реНрд░рдордХреЛ рд╣рд░реЗрдХ рд╕рдВрдпреЛрдЧрдХреЛ рдХреВрд▓ рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рдЧрдгрдирд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН рд░ рдиреНрдпреВрдирддрдо рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд╕рдВрдпреЛрдЧ рдкрддреНрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реНред)
b. Sketch the isoquants \( \text{IQ}_1 and \text{IQ}_2 \) by using schedule 1 and schedule 2 respectively and sketch the isocost line also. Identify the optimal combination of capital and labor in figure.
(рд╕реВрдЪрд┐ рез рд░ рд╕реВрдЪрд┐ реи рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рдЧрд░реЗрд░ рд╕рдо рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рд░реЗрдЦрд╛рд╣рд░реВ рдХреНрд░рдорд╢рдГ \( \text{IQ}_1 рд░ \text{IQ}_2 \) рдЦрд┐рдЪреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН рддрдерд╛ рд╕рдо рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд░реЗрдЦрд╛ рд╕рдореЗрдд рдЦрд┐рдЪреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рдорд╛ рдкреВрдБрдЬреА рд░ рд╢реНрд░рдордХреЛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрддрдо рд╕рдВрдпреЛрдЧ рдкрддреНрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Derive isocost line when total cost outlay is Rs.4000, wage rate is Rs.200 and rental rate of capital is Rs.400.
(рдХреБрд▓рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рдЦрд░реНрдЪ рд░реБ.рекрежрежреж, рдЬреНрдпрд╛рд▓рд╛рджрд░ рд░реБ.реирежреж рд░ рдкреВрдБрдЬреАрдХреЛ рднрд╛рдбрд╛рджрд░ рд░реБ.рекрежреж рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЕрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛рдорд╛ рд╕рдо рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд░реЗрдЦрд╛ рд╡реНрдпреБрддреНрдкрдиреНрди рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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4.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Write the formula for calculation of marginal product of labor\( (\text{MP}_\text{L}) \) and average product of labor \( (\text{AP}_\text{L}) \).
(рд╢реНрд░рдордХреЛ рд╕рд┐рдорд╛рдиреНрдд рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рд░ рдФрд╕рдд рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдЧрдгрдирд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреЗ рд╕реВрддреНрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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5.
Long question Asked in 2082 (15 marks)
The production function of Langtang Cheese Pvt. Ltd. is \( Q = 4L + 11L^2 - L^3 \). Complete the following table.
(рд▓рд╛рдЩрдЯрд╛рдЩ рдЪрд┐рдЬ рдкреНрд░рд╛.рд▓рд┐.рдХреЛ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдлрд▓рди \( Q = 4L + 11L^2 - L^3 \) рдЫ ред рджрд┐рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рддрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
No. of Labor Total Production Average Production Marginal Production 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a) Analyze the three stages of the Law of Variable proportion for Langtang Cheese Pvt. Ltd. by using above data.
(рдорд╛рдерд┐рдХреЛ рддрдереНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рдЧрд░реА рд▓рд╛рдЩрдЯрд╛рдЩ рдЪрд┐рдЬ рдкреНрд░рд╛.рд▓рд┐.рдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдирд╢реАрд▓ рдЕрдиреБрдкрд╛рддрдХреЛ рдирд┐рдпрдордХрд╛ рддреАрдирд╡рдЯрд╛ рдЪрд░рдгрд╣рд░реБрдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
b) Market price of cheese is Rs.1000 per kg. and the wage rate is Rs 34,000 per month. Using data of the second stage of the Law of Variable proportion, find the equilibrium level of labour and output of the cheese.
(рдЪрд┐рдЬрдХреЛ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдХреЗрдЬреА рд░реБ.резрежрежреж рдЫ, рд░ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рд▓рд╛ рджрд░ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдорд╣рд┐рдирд╛ рд░реБ.рейрекрежрежреж рдЫ ред рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдирд╢реАрд▓ рдЕрдиреБрдкрд╛рддрдХреЛ рдирд┐рдпрдордХреЛ рджреЛрд╕реНрд░реЛ рдЪрд░рдгрдХреЛ рддрдереНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧрдЧрд░реА, рд╢реНрд░рдо рд░ рдЪрд┐рдЬрдХреЛ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдирдХреЛ рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рдирд╕реНрддрд░ рдкрддреНрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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6.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
What are the causes for the operation of law of increasing returns to scale?
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7.
Asked in 2081 (15 marks)
Using IQ map and Iso-cost line, explain the concept of least cost combination of two inputs under given total cost outlay. What will be the effect on output when total cost outlay changes? [10+5]
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8.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
Prepare a list of assumptions of isoquant.
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9.
Asked in 2080 (10 marks)
Consider the following production schedule:
Labour (L) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TPL 0 20 48 78 104 120 120 98 a. Compute APL and MPL
b. Graph TPL APL and MPL and explain three stages of production with proper reasons
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10.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
What are the causes for the operation of the law of increasing returns?
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11.
Asked in 2079 (15 marks)
Describe the significance of production function in business decision-making. How do firms achieve optimal employment of two variable inputs? Explain.
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12.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Let \( c = \text{Rs. } 2000, r = \text{Rs. } 50, w = \text{Rs. } 40 \). Determine the slope of iso-cost line.
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13.
Asked in 2078 (10 marks)
Let, production function, \( Q = 14L + 7L^2 - L^3 \). Compute TP, AP and MP, graph them and explain three stages of production with proper reasons.
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14.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
What is production function?
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15.
Asked in 2077 (10 marks)
Explain the laws of returns to scale.
Cost and Revenue Curves
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
Differentiate between explicit cost and implicit cost.
(рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд░ рдЕрд╡реНрдпрдХреНрдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рдмрд┐рдЪ рднрд┐рдиреНрдирддрд╛ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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2.
Long question Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
Calculate the degree of economies of scope when total cost of production of goods A and B separately are\( C_A = \text{Rs. } 50000, C_B = \text{Rs. } 60000 \) respectively but total cost for producing both A and B is \( C_{A+B} = \text{Rs. } 100000 \) while producing jointly.
(рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ A рд░ B рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯрд╛ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯреИ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдирдЧрд░реНрджрд╛ рдХреНрд░рдорд╢рдГ\( C_A = \text{рд░реБ.} \text{релрежрежрежреж} \) рд░ \( C_B = \text{рд░реБ.} \text{ремрежрежрежреж} \) рдкрд░реНрдЫ рддрд░ рджреБрдмреИ рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░реБрдкрдорд╛ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрди рдЧрд░реНрджрд╛ \( C_{A+B} = \text{рд░реБ.} \text{резрежрежрежрежреж} \) рдкрд░реНрджрдЫ рднрдиреЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рдорд┐рддрд╡реНрдпрдпрд┐рддрд╛рдХреЛ рд╢реНрд░реЗрдгреА рдЧрдгрдирд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Long question Asked in 2083 (10 marks)
Complete the following table and explain the relation between average cost and marginal cost.
(рджрд┐рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рддрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН рддрдерд╛ рдФрд╕рдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд░ рд╕рд┐рдорд╛рдиреНрдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рдмрд┐рдЪрдХреЛ рд╕рдореНрдмрдиреНрдз рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
Output TFC TC TVC AVC AC MC 0 24 24 - - - - 1 - 30 - - - - 2 - 32 - - - - 3 - 36 - - - - 4 - 48 - - - - 5 - 74 - - - - 6 - 120 - - - - -
4.
Long question Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
A firm's average revenue is Rs.200, average cost is Rs.220 and average variable cost is Rs.175. The firm, suffering from loss, should shut down or stay in business in short run.
(рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдлрд░реНрдордХреЛ рдФрд╕рдд рдЖрдп рд░реБ.реирежреж, рдФрд╕рдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд░реБ.реиреиреж рд░ рдФрд╕рдд рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрдирд╢реАрд▓ рд▓рд╛рдЧрдд рд░реБ.резренрел рдЫ ред рдШрд╛рдЯрд╛рдорд╛ рд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдЙрдХреНрддрдлрд░реНрдо рдЕрд▓реНрдкрдХрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рдмрдиреНрдж рдЧрд░реНрдиреБ рдкрд░реНрдЫ рд╡рд╛ рд╕рдВрдЪрд╛рд▓рдирдорд╛ рд░рд╣рдиреБрдкрд░реНрдЫ ?)
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5.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Make a list of internal diseconomies of scale.
(рд╕реНрддрд░рдХреЛ рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рд╡реИрдорд┐рддрд╡реНрдпрдпрд┐рддрд╛рд╣рд░реБрдХреЛ рд╕реВрдЪреАрдмрдирд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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6.
Asked in 2082 (10 marks)
Why do some long run average cost curves are U-shaped but some are L-shaped? Differentiate with the reasons.
(рдХрд┐рдирдХреБрдиреИ рджреАрд░реНрдШрдХрд╛рд▓рд┐рди рдФрд╕рдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрддрд╡рдХреНрд░ U рдЖрдХрд╛рд░рдХрд╛ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫрдиреН рддрд░рдХреБрдиреИ рджреАрд░реНрдШрдХрд╛рд▓рд┐рдирдФрд╕рдд рд▓рд╛рдЧрддрдмрдХреНрд░ L рдЖрдХрд╛рд░рдХрд╛ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫрдиреН ? рдХрд╛рд░рдгрд╣рд░реБ рд╕рд╣рд┐рдд рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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7.
Long question Asked in 2082 (10 marks)
Complete the following table. Graph total revenue, average revenue and marginal revenue curves. Explain the relation of total revenue and marginal revenue with price elasticity of demand.
(рджрд┐рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рддрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред рдХреБрд▓рдЖрдп, рдФрд╕рддрдЖрдп рд░ рд╕рд┐рдорд╛рдиреНрдд рдЖрдп рд╡рдХреНрд░рд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдл рдмрдирд╛рдЙрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред рдорд╛рдЧрдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд▓реЛрдЪрд╕рдБрдЧ рдХреБрд▓ рдЖрдп рд░ рд╕рд┐рдорд╛рдиреНрдд рдЖрдпрдХреЛ рд╕рдореНрдмрдиреНрдз рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
Quantity 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Total revenue 0 60 100 120 120 100 60 0 Average revenue marginal revenue -
8.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Write any two examples of explicit costs.
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9.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
How is economies of scope measured?
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10.
Long question Asked in 2081 (15 marks)
Let Cost function TC = 50+6Q², Revenue function TR = 100Q - 4Q².
a. Compute TFC, TVC, TC, TR and profit at output range of 0 to 10 units. [5]
b. Using schedules, explain the behaviour of TFC, TVC and TC with proper reasons. [5]
c. Graph TR, TC and profit, and explain TR- TC approach of firm equilibrium. [5]
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11.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
What are the characteristics of LAC?
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12.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
Write any four examples of accounting cost.
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13.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
Write any two relationships between price elasticity of demand and marginal revenue.
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14.
Long question Asked in 2080 (10 marks)
Consider the following cost schedule:
Q: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AFC: 100 50 33.3 25 20 16.7 14.3 12.5 AVC: 10 9 8 8 10 13.3 17.7 22.5 AC: 110 59 41.3 33 30 30 32 35 a) Graph AFC, AVC and AC and explain their behavior.
b) Is the trend of AC is influenced by law of variable proportions? Explain
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15.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
Why is LAC - U shaped?
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16.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
Write any four examples of explicit costs.
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17.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
How is degree of economies of scope computed?
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18.
Asked in 2079 (10 marks)
Let revenue function, \( TR = 100Q - Q^2 \), cost function, \( TC = 50 + 6Q^2 \)
a) Compute\( TR \), \( TC \) and profit \( \pi \) at the output range of 0 to 10 units.
b) Graph \( TR \), \( TC \) and \( \pi \) and explain profit maximization goal of the firm.
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19.
Long question Asked in 2079 (10 marks)
Consider the following cost schedule:
Q: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TFC: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 TVC: 0 10 18 24 32 50 80 124 180 TC: 100 110 118 124 132 150 180 224 280 a) Graph TFC,TVC,and TC and explain their behavior.
b) Is the trend of TC or TVC is influenced by the law of variable proportions ? Explain.
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20.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Let, \( C_A = \text{Rs. } 400000, C_B = \text{Rs. } 200000, C_{A+B} = \text{Rs. } 500000 \). Determine degree of economies of scope.
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21.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Prepare a list of examples of explicit costs.
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22.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
State the relationship between price elasticity of demand and marginal revenue.
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23.
Asked in 2078 (10 marks)
Consider the following cost schedule:
Q: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TVC: 0 20 36 48 64 100 160 248 360 520 a. Compute TC, AFC, AVC, AC and MC at TFC = Rs. 200.
b. Graph AC and MC and describe their relationship. -
24.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
Differentiate between economic cost and accounting cost.
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25.
Asked in 2077 (10 marks)
Complete the following table, Graph AR and MR and explain the relation between AR and MR curve.
Quantity Q Price (P) TR AR MR 0 22 1 20 2 18 3 16 4 14 5 12 6 10 7 8
Product Pricing Theories and Practices
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
Write any four features of perfect competition market.
(рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╕реНрдкрд░реНрдзрд╛ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░рдХрд╛ рдХреБрдиреИ рдЪрд╛рд░рд╡рдЯрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рддрд╛рд╣рд░реБ рд▓реЗрдЦреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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2.
Asked in 2083 (10 marks)
How does a monopoly firm determine price in short run? Explain.
(рдЕрд▓реНрдкрдХрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рдПрдЙрдЯрд╛ рдПрдХрд╛рдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рдлрд░реНрдорд▓реЗ рдореВрд▓реНрдп рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рдг рдХрд╕рд░реА рдЧрд░реНрджрдЫ ? рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Write the conditions for equilibrium of a firm in monopolistic market in short run.
(рдЕрд▓реНрдкрдХрд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рдПрдХрд╛рдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рддреНрдордХ рдмрдЬрд╛рд░рдХреЛ рдлрд░реНрдо рд╕рдиреНрддреБрд▓рдирдХрд╛ рд╢рд░реНрддрд╣рд░реБ рд▓реЗрдЦреНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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4.
Long question Asked in 2082 (15 marks)
How does a cartel determine the price to maximize the joint profit? Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of cartel for consumers and producers.
(рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рдирд╛рдлрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрддрдо рдЧрд░реНрдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдЯреЗрд▓рд▓реЗ рдХрд╕рд░реА рдореВрд▓реНрдп рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рдг рдЧрд░реНрджрдЫ ? рдЙрдкрднреЛрдХреНрддрд╛рд╣рд░реВ рд░ рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдХрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдЯреЗрд▓рдХрд╛ рдлрд╛рдЗрджрд╛рд╣рд░реВ рд░ рдмреЗрдлрд╛рдЗрджрд╛рд╣рд░реВ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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5.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Write the formula for pricing the product under cost - plus pricing.
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6.
Asked in 2081 (15 marks)
Describe the characteristics of oligopoly. How are the price and the output determined under cartel?
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7.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
Mention the types of oligopoly.
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8.
Asked in 2080 (10 marks)
Derive shortrun supply curve of a competitive firm.
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9.
Asked in 2080 (15 marks)
How are the price and the output determined under monopoly in short run? Is monopoly price is always higher than competitive price? Give reasons.
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10.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
Prepare a list of characteristics of oligopoly.
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11.
Asked in 2079 (10 marks)
How is the price determined under "joint profit maximization cartel"? Explain.
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12.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
Why do firms involve in cartel?
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13.
Asked in 2078 (10 marks)
Explain the concept of incremental cost pricing with suitable examples.
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14.
Asked in 2078 (15 marks)
State the characteristics of monopolistic competition. How are the price and the output determined under it in short-run? In what respects, monopolistic competition differ from perfect competition?
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15.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
What is meant by predatory pricing?
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16.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
Calculate the equilibrium level of output of the firm when marginal revenue is MR = 300 - 0.002Q and marginal cost is MC = 20 + 0.0008Q
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17.
Asked in 2077 (10 marks)
How price and output is determined under joint profit maximization goal of cartel?
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18.
Asked in 2077 (15 marks)
What is monopoly? How the price and output is determined under it?
Theory of Factor Pricing
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1.
Asked in 2083 (2 marks)
What is the meaning of rent?
(рд▓рдЧрд╛рдирдХреЛ рдЕрд░реНрде рдХреЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ?)
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2.
Asked in 2083 (15 marks)
Critically analyze the Marginal Productivity Theory of Wages.
(рдЬреНрдпрд╛рд▓рд╛рдХреЛ рд╕реАрдорд╛рдиреНрдд рдЙрддреНрдкрд╛рджрдХрддреНрд╡рдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрддрдХреЛ рдЖрд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛рддреНрдордХ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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3.
Asked in 2082 (2 marks)
Give examples of demand-increasing innovations in Innovation Theory of Profit.
(рдирд╛рдлрд╛рдХреЛ рдирд╡рдкреНрд░рд╡рд░реНрддрди рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрдд рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдорд╛рдЧрд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рд░ рдирд╡рдкреНрд░рд╡рд░реНрддрдирдХрд╛ рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдгрд╣рд░реБ рджрд┐рдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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4.
Asked in 2082 (15 marks)
Critically analyze the Loanable Fund Theory of interest.
(рдмреНрдпрд╛рдЬрдХреЛ рдЛрдг рдпреЛрдЧреНрдп рдХреЛрд╖рдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрддрдХреЛ рдЖрд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛рддреНрдордХ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрд╣реЛрд╕реН ред)
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5.
Asked in 2081 (2 marks)
Let Q = 14L + 7L² - L³. Compute VMPL at P = Rs. 10 and L = 5 units.
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6.
Asked in 2081 (10 marks)
Economic rent is the surplus of actual earnings over transfer earnings. Explain with suitable examples.
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7.
Asked in 2081 (10 marks)
Identify the factors that cause wage differentials and explain them.
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8.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
What are the determinants of supply of loanable funds?
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9.
Asked in 2080 (2 marks)
What are the factors that cause interest rate differentials?
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10.
Asked in 2080 (10 marks)
Explain the concept of accounting profit and economic profit with suitable examples.
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11.
Asked in 2079 (2 marks)
Define value of marginal productivity of labour.
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12.
Asked in 2079 (10 marks)
What is economic rent? How is it determined?
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13.
Asked in 2078 (2 marks)
What are the causes for interest rate differentials?
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14.
Asked in 2078 (10 marks)
What are the motives of demand for money according to Keynes? Explain.
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15.
Asked in 2077 (2 marks)
What are the dynamic changes to arise the profit?
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16.
Asked in 2077 (15 marks)
Explain the liquidity preference theory of interest. What are its criticisms?
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